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双目标渐进法 2

生态文明发展水平 2

京津冀城市群 1

人群计数；知识蒸馏；终身学习 1

单目标渐进法 1

基准测试；存储系统；基于词的压缩算法 1

数据库 1

极差标准化 1

测试基准 1

珠三角城市群 1

省域生态文明评估 1

视觉跟踪；性能评价；视觉属性；计算机视觉 1

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金融数据 1

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Method for rating energy performance of public buildings

Jincheng XING,Youli LI,Jihong LING,Huiyang YU,Liwen WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 379-385 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0328-4

摘要： This paper discussed a comparative study of several state-of-art methods for determining building energy consumption benchmark. A new approach, which combined the idea of “building benchmark” and “operational benchmark” in its rating system, was proposed. A case study was conducted which applied the proposed approach to benchmarking an existing office building in Tianjin. Besides, the calculation of benchmarks of the reference building model and real building model using the rating method in eQUEST was also considered. Furthermore, the simulation results of the reference building model were taken as the baseline to divide real office buildings into different energy performance grades.

关键词： energy consumption benchmark energy efficiency benchmark energy performance level

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面向金融场景的下一代数据库测试基准研究

荆一楠 ,张寒冰,李智鑫 ,王晓阳 ,吴杰,柴洪峰

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第4期页码 121-132 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.014

摘要：

CH-benCHmark：CH-benCHmark融合了TPC-C和TPC-H两种测试基准 []。CH-benCHmark选用了TPC-H中的3个数据表对TPC-C中的数据模式进行扩充，共包含12个数据表。同时，为了评测数据库产品在混合工作负载下的性能，CH-benCHmark使用事务吞吐量和每小时执行的查询数之间的比率作为度量指标。Cloud Serving Benchmark，是一个用于比较NoSQL数据库性能的开源测试基准，目标是促进新一代云数据服务系统的性能比较 []。随着InfluxDB、IoTDB等时序数据库的出现，面向时序数据库的测试基准TS-Benchmark [] 应运而生。

关键词：金融业银行金融数据数据库测试基准

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基于双目标渐进法的中国省域生态文明发展水平评估研究

解钰茜,张林波,罗上华,杨娇,李芬,王德旺

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第4期页码 60-66 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.010

摘要：

本文构建了包含4个领域、10个目标、25个指标的省域生态文明发展水平评估指标体系。在对比和改进现有数据标准化处理方法的基础上，提出双目标渐进法对评价指标进行归一化处理，并采用综合加权指数法对2014年我国的31个省、自治区、直辖市的生态文明发展水平进行评估。结果显示，我国生态文明发展水平较低，东南沿海地区生态文明发展水平高于中西部地区。总体来看，目前我国整体经济社会建设成效显著，但我国生态文明发展水平与预期目标及国际水平相比还有一定差距，因此在生态环境保护、工业污染控制、产业优化和资源高效利用方面还需加强。

关键词：生态文明发展水平省域生态文明评估双目标渐进法单目标渐进法极差标准化

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General modeling and optimization technique for real-world earth observation satellite scheduling

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 695-709 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0263-3

摘要： Over the last two decades, many modeling and optimization techniques have been developed for earth observation satellite (EOS) scheduling problems, but few of them show good generality to be engineered in real-world applications. This study proposes a general modeling and optimization technique for common and real-world EOS scheduling cases; it includes a decoupled framework, a general modeling method, and an easy-to-use algorithm library. In this technique, a framework that decouples the modeling, constraints, and optimization of EOS scheduling problems is built. With this framework, the EOS scheduling problems are appropriately modeled in a general manner, where the executable opportunity, another format of the well-known visible time window per EOS operation, is viewed as a selectable resource to be optimized. On this basis, 10 types of optimization algorithms, such as Tabu search and genetic algorithm, and a parallel competitive memetic algorithm, are developed. For simplified EOS scheduling problems, the proposed technique shows better performance in applicability and effectiveness than the state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, a complicatedly constrained real-world benchmark exampled by a four-EOS Chinese commercial constellation is provided, and the technique is qualified and outperforms the in-use scheduling system by more than 50%.

关键词： earth observation satellite scheduling general technique optimization algorithm commercial constellation real-world benchmark

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Remote calibration system for frequency based on in-place benchmark

Xiaobin HONG, Guixiong LIU, Zhuokui WU, Xipeng DU,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第3期页码 316-321 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0021-1

摘要： According to the deficiencies of remote calibration mode based on material object reference, a new model of a remote calibration system for frequency based on in-place benchmark is introduced, which is made of a calibration subsystem on the spot and a remote management subsystem. The key technology of some key problems for the remote calibration system is particularly discussed, including the time and frequency benchmark receiving module based on global positioning system (GPS), frequency comparison based on a phase method, frequency division based on dual high-frequency phase locked loop (PLL), and remote calibration based on the web. The results show that the system possesses some characteristics, such as high precision, good versatility, and no limitation of time and place.

关键词： remote calibration in-place benchmark frequency comparison global position system (GPS)

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Modification of the activated sludge model for chemical dosage

Shuai MA,Siyu ZENG,Xin DONG,Jining CHEN,Gustaf OLSSON

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 694-701 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0732-3

摘要： Full-scale experiments have been carried out to adapt the activated sludge model ASM2d to include the influence of metal dosage (Fe and Al ) for phosphorus removal. Phosphorus removal rates, nitrification rates, as well as pH and sludge settling performance, were evaluated as functions of the metal dosages. Furthermore, models relating certain parameters to the dosage of chemicals have been derived. Corresponding parameters in the ASM2d and the secondary settler models, included in the Benchmark Simulation Model No 1 (BSM1), have been modified to take the metal influence into consideration. Based on the effluent limits and penalty policy of China, an equivalent evaluation method was derived for the total cost assessment. A large number of 300-day steady-state and 14-day open-loop dynamic simulations were performed to demonstrate the difference in behavior between the original and the modified BSM1. The results show that 1) both in low and high mole concentrations, Fe addition results in a higher phosphorus removal rate than Al ; 2) the sludge settling velocity will increase due to the metal addition; 3) the respiration rate of the activated sludge is decreased more by the dosage of Al than Fe ; 4) the inhibition of Al on the nitrification rate is stronger than that of Fe ; 5) the total operating cost will reach the minimum point for smaller dosages of Fe , but always increase with Al addition.

关键词： chemical precipitation benchmark simulation model phosphorus removal respiratory rate sludge settling activated sludge model

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基于定量属性的单目标视觉跟踪算法评价体系研究 Article

Wen-jing KANG, Chang LIU, Gong-liang LIU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第3期页码 405-421 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900245

摘要：视觉跟踪是计算机视觉领域热门研究课题之一。近年来，很多先进跟踪算法和性能评价基准相继发布，并取得巨大成功。现有评价体系大多定位于衡量整体性能，无法通过针对性的详细论证评估跟踪器的优势和缺点，且很多常用评测指标缺乏令人信服的含义解释。本文从测试数据、测试方法、测试指标3方面深入分析跟踪评价体系的细节。首先，归纳整理了12个反映图像序列不同特性的帧间视觉属性，并首次定量给出其归一化公式。基于这些属性定义，提出两种新的测试方法，即基于相关性的测试和基于权重的测试，使评价体系能更直观、更清晰地评定跟踪器各方面性能。然后，将所提测试方法应用于著名的跟踪挑战赛，即Video Object Tracking (VOT) Challenge 2017。测试结果表明，在目标尺寸快速或剧烈变化时，跟踪器大多表现不佳，即使基于深度学习的先进跟踪器也未能很好解决这一问题。此外发现，中心位置差错（center location error，CLE）性能指标虽未考虑到目标尺度，在实际测试中仍对目标尺寸变化很敏感。

关键词：视觉跟踪；性能评价；视觉属性；计算机视觉

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TextGen：用于新型存储系统基准测试的真实文本数据集生成方法 Article

Long-xiang WANG,Xiao-she DONG,Xing-jun ZHANG,Yin-feng WANG,Tao JU,Guo-fu FENG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第10期页码 982-993 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500332

摘要：概要：新型存储系统通过内置数据压缩功能提高性能，并节省存储空间。因此，数据内容会显著影响存储系统基准测试结果。由于真实数据集规模庞大，难以复制到目标测试系统，并且大多数数据集由于隐私性无法进行共享。因此，基准测试程序需要人工生成测试数据集。为了保证测试结果的准确性，需要根据影响存储系统性能的真实数据集特征信息生成数据。现有方法SDGen在字节级别上分析真实数据集内容分布特征，并以此生成数据集，因此能够保证内置字节级压缩算法的存储系统测试结果准确。但是SDGen并未分析真实数据集的词级别内容分布特征，因此不能保证内置词级别压缩算法的存储系统测试结果准确，本文提出了一种基于Lognormal概率分布模型的文本数据集生成方法TextGen。该方法根据真实数据集的词切分结果建立语料库，分析语料库中词的分布特征，利用最大似然估计得到词分布的Lognormal模型参数，根据模型采用蒙特卡洛方法生成数据内容。该方法生成数据集所消耗的时间只与生成数据集规模相关，具有线性的时间复杂度O(n)。本文收集了四种数据集验证方法有效性，并通过一种典型的词级别压缩算法——ETDC（End-Tagged Dense Code）进行测试。实验结果表明：相比SDGen，TextGen生成文本数据集性能更高，并且，生成数据集用于压缩测试后与真实数据集的压缩速率、压缩率相似程度更高。

关键词：基准测试；存储系统；基于词的压缩算法

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The Tong Test: Evaluating Artificial General Intelligence Through Dynamic Embodied Physical and Social Interactions

Yujia Peng,Jiaheng Han,Zhenliang Zhang,Lifeng Fan,Tengyu Liu,Siyuan Qi,Xue Feng,Yuxi Ma,Yizhou Wang,Song-Chun Zhu,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.006

摘要： The release of the generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) series has brought artificial general intelligence (AGI) to the forefront of the artificial intelligence (AI) field once again. However, the questions of how to define and evaluate AGI remain unclear. This perspective article proposes that the evaluation of AGI should be rooted in dynamic embodied physical and social interactions (DEPSI). More specifically, we propose five critical characteristics to be considered as AGI benchmarks and suggest the Tong test as an AGI evaluation system. The Tong test describes a value- and ability-oriented testing system that delineates five levels of AGI milestones through a virtual environment with DEPSI, allowing for infinite task generation. We contrast the Tong test with classical AI testing systems in terms of various aspects and propose a systematic evaluation system to promote standardized, quantitative, and objective benchmarks and evaluation of AGI.

关键词： Artificial general intelligence Artificial intelligence benchmark Artificial intelligence evaluation Embodied artificial intelligence Value alignment Turing test Causality

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忘得少，数得好：一种域增量式自蒸馏终身人群计数基准 Research Article

高佳琪1,李婧琦1,单洪明2,3,曲延云4,王则5,王飞跃6,张军平1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第2期页码 187-202 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200380

摘要：人群计数在公共安全和流行病控制方面具有重要应用。一个鲁棒且实用的人群计数系统须能够在真实场景中不断学习持续到来的新域数据，而非仅仅拟合某一单域的数据分布。现有方法在处理多个域的数据时有一些不足之处：（1）由于来自不同域的固有数据分布之间的差异，模型在训练来自新域的图像数据后在旧域中的性能可能会变得十分有限（甚至急剧下降），这种现象被称为灾难性遗忘；（2）由于域分布的偏移，在某一特定域数据中训练好的模型在其他未见域中通常表现不佳；（3）处理多个域的数据通常会导致存储开销的线性增长，例如混合来自所有域的数据进行训练，或者是简单地为每一个域的数据单独训练一个模型。为克服这些问题，我们探索了在域增量式训练设置下一种新的人群计数任务，即终身人群计数。它的目标是通过使用单个模型持续不断地学习新域数据以减轻灾难性遗忘并提高泛化能力。具体来说，提出一种自蒸馏学习框架作为终身人群计数的基准模型（forget less，count better，FLCB），这有助于模型可持续地利用之前学到的有意义的知识来更好地对人数进行估计，以减少训练新数据后对旧数据的遗忘。此外，设计了一种新的定量评价指标，即归一化后向迁移（normalized Backward Transfer，nBwT），用于评估模型在终身学习过程中的遗忘程度。大量实验结果证明了该模型的优越性，即较低的灾难性遗忘度和较强的泛化能力。

关键词：人群计数；知识蒸馏；终身学习

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典型城市群的市域生态文明水平评估研究

杨娇,张林波,罗上华,解钰茜,李芬,

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第4期页码 54-59 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.009

摘要：

为评估和反映我国生态文明发展水平，结合联合国2030年可持续发展议程和国家生态文明建设目标，构建了以环境质量改善为核心的生态文明发展指标体系。基于市域评估单元，采用双目标渐进赋分，评估了京津冀、长三角和珠三角三个城市群的生态文明发展水平。结果表明，珠三角城市群生态文明发展水平最高，均值为69.95；其次是长三角城市群，均值为67.61，最后是京津冀城市群，均值为59.04。三个城市群生态文明发展水平的短板都体现在绿色环境领域。城市生态文明发展水平评估，揭示其生态文明建设的短板，为城市提升生态文明发展水平指明了方向。

关键词：生态文明发展水平京津冀城市群长三角城市群珠三角城市群双目标渐进法